Chrys
The European Union (EU) election observation mission in
Nigeria says the recently concluded general election in the country exposed
enduring systemic weaknesses that need to be corrected.
On Tuesday, the mission presented its final report on the
general election in Abuja.
Barry Andrews, the chief observer, said the report was based
on the analysis of compliance with Nigeria’s regional and international
commitments for democratic elections.
“This was the seventh EU election observation mission in the
country since 1999, attesting to the EU’s strong commitment to Nigeria’s
democracy,” Andrews said.
“In the lead-up to
the 2023 general election, Nigerian citizens demonstrated a clear commitment to
the democratic process. That said, the election exposed enduring systemic
weaknesses and therefore signal a need for further legal and operational
reforms to enhance transparency, inclusiveness, and accountability.”
Although Andrews noted that a positive aspect of the voter
registration process was active youth engagement, with two-thirds of the 9.5
million new registrants being young people, he said the collection of permanent
voter cards (PVC) was adversely affected by poor institutional planning and a
lack of transparency.
“To ensure the accuracy and inclusiveness of the voter
register, an external independent audit would be beneficial,” he added.
NAIRA SCARCITY,
VIOLENCE, INTERFERENCE BY GOVERNORS SUPPRESSED VOTER PARTICIPATION
The chief observer noted that additional factors like cash
scarcity and different kinds of violence contributed to a flawed democratic
process.
Andrews said campaigns were competitive, evidenced by the
large attendance of rallies by different political parties and candidates but
added that the naira and fuel scarcity suppressed voter participation on
election day.
“In addition, the EU EOM recorded cases of undue
interference by governors, while the campaign was also marred by internal party
conflicts. Personality-focused canvassing and misuses of incumbency by
governors tilted the playing field, leading to increased polarisation driven by
divisive rhetoric based on ethnicity and religion,” he said.
“Our mission recorded
more than 100 campaign-related violent incidents, including assassinations.
These and other criminal acts obstructed the campaign, disrupted the elections,
and suppressed voter participation.
“Weaknesses in the legal framework for these electoral
offences and others such as misuse of state resources, intimidation and
vote-buying contributed to inadequate enforcement. Key state institutions,
including INEC, but also political parties, failed to tackle these problems.”
‘PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN
INEC WAS SEVERELY DAMAGED’
The EU election observation mission applauded the
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) for introducing some positive
measures like an increased number of polling units and the bimodal voter
accreditation system (BVAS) early in the electoral process but noted that the
actions did not buy public confidence in the electoral body.
“Public confidence in INEC was severely damaged on 25
February due to its operational failures and lack of transparency. While some
corrective measures introduced before the 18 March elections seemed to have a
positive impact, overall trust was not restored and eventually led civil
society to call for an independent audit of the entire process.
“Prior to the elections, selection processes were questioned
leaving the institution vulnerable to mistrust.”
Andrews said a lack of transparency surrounded the use of
the bimodal BVAS and the INEC results viewing portal (IReV) which contradicted
the integrity and credibility of the elections.
“We believe that these vulnerabilities can be effectively
addressed by establishing a robust operational framework for the independence,
integrity, and efficiency of electoral administration through an inclusive and
publicly accountable
mechanism for selecting candidates for the posts of INEC
commissioners and RECs based on clear criteria of evaluation of merits,
qualifications, and verified non-partisanship.”
The mission also faulted the fines placed on media houses by
the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC), saying they were carried out
without due process and censored analytical reporting.
LOW LEVELS OF
INCLUSION
The chief observer said the lack of female participation in
the general election was worrisome as only one woman contested among 18
presidential candidates.
He said there were no nominated female running mates while
only two women contested among governorship candidates.
“Women’s political participation in Nigeria is not in line
with the country’s international commitments and provision of equality. The
number of women participating in the process evidences a worrisome trend of
decline since 2007,” he said.
“The government and major political parties again failed to
tackle exclusion and discrimination against women despite the national gender
policy target of 35 per cent of women in appointed and elected positions. Women
candidates at all levels of elections barely reached 10 per cent.
“This longstanding discrimination demands urgent and robust
affirmative action to ensure meaningful women’s representation through special
measures in line with the Beijing principles and the national gender policy to
increase the representation of women as candidates and in elected office,
further supported by cross-sectoral, intensified, and sustained capacity
building and sensitisation to eliminate discrimination.”
